Despite finding myself swimming through a sea despair, I see a twinkling lighthouse in the distance. A ray of hope.
I speak of Juno, the spacecraft NASA sent to Jupiter. It arrived last night and supposedly has fallen into orbit around a planet so big that it is double in size of all of the other planets combined! So amidst my angst at the state of humanity in general and my country in particular, I am buoyed by the realization that despite my own failings as a human, there are those among us who can achieve the miraculous.
A few facts: Juno traveled 1.74 billion miles traveling at 165,000 mph for 5 years. It is intended to orbit the planet 37 times in the next 20 months. Stunning numbers. People did that.
And if that achievement alone wasn't mind-bending enough, more humans imagined and built a metal machine that is a bunch of more miracles interacting together on our behalf. They have so many cool things on this machine.
- Gravity Science – GS
- Magnetometer – MAG
- Microwave Radiometer – MWR
- Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument – JEDI
- Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment – JADE
- Radio and Plasma Wave Sensor – Waves
- Ultraviolet Spectrograph
- Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper – JIRAM
- JunoCam
Pretty obscure until you read about the Instrument Overview on the NASA web site. May not have the intelligence to understand explanations of each instrument but am smart enough to be thrilled by the kind of stuff we can learn.
And there is the box protecting vital parts. Taken directly from NSAS site:
"Juno is basically an armored tank going to Jupiter," said Scott Bolton, Juno's principal investigator, based at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "Without its protective shield, or radiation vault, Juno's brain would get fried on the very first pass near Jupiter."
An invisible force field filled with high-energy particles coming off from Jupiter and its moons surrounds the largest planet in our solar system. This magnetic force field, similar to a less powerful one around Earth, shields Jupiter from charged particles flying off the sun. The electrons, protons and ions around Jupiter are energized by the planet's super-fast rotation, sped up to nearly the speed of light.
Jupiter's radiation belts are shaped like a huge doughnut around the planet's equatorial region and extend out past the moon Europa, about 650,000 kilometers (400,000 miles) out from the top of Jupiter's clouds.
"For the 15 months Juno orbits Jupiter, the spacecraft will have to withstand the equivalent of more than 100 million dental X-rays," said Bill McAlpine, Juno's radiation control manager, based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "In the same way human beings need to protect their organs during an X-ray exam, we have to protect Juno's brain and heart."
The strategy? Give Juno a kind of six-sided lead apron on steroids.
With guidance from JPL and the principal investigator, engineers at Lockheed Martin Space Systems designed and built a special radiation vault made of titanium for a centralized electronics hub. While other materials exist that make good radiation blockers, engineers chose titanium because lead is too soft to withstand the vibrations of launch, and some other materials were too difficult to work with.
Each titanium wall measures nearly a square meter (nearly 9 square feet) in area, about 1 centimeter (a third of an inch) in thickness, and 18 kilograms (40 pounds) in mass. This titanium box -- about the size of an SUV's trunk – encloses Juno's command and data handling box (the spacecraft's brain), power and data distribution unit (its heart) and about 20 other electronic assemblies. The whole vault weighs about 200 kilograms (500 pounds).
The vault is not designed to completely prevent every Jovian electron, ion or proton from hitting the system, but it will dramatically slow down the aging effect radiation has on electronics for the duration of the mission.
That's some pretty amazing stuff.
So while some people slaughter their fellow man (and women), others help us explore the (for all practical purposes) environment in which we are embedded. What a dichotomy.